A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal bulging of a blood vessel in the brain that may carry a risk of bleeding. Treatment depends on aneurysm size, location, shape and patient-specific risk factors. Selected aneurysms can be managed using minimally invasive endovascular techniques such as coiling or flow diversion.
Flow diversion involves placing a specialised stent within an artery to redirect blood away from selected brain aneurysms. This encourages gradual clot formation inside the aneurysm while maintaining flow through the parent artery. The procedure requires careful imaging assessment and may involve antiplatelet medication before and after treatment.
Endovascular coiling is a minimally invasive procedure in which small coils are placed inside a cerebral aneurysm through a catheter. The coils promote clot formation and help reduce blood circulation within the aneurysm. Suitability depends on aneurysm anatomy, rupture status and other clinical considerations.
Stent-assisted coiling combines an intracranial stent with aneurysm coils to treat selected wide-necked cerebral aneurysms. The stent supports coil placement and helps maintain blood flow through the parent artery. Treatment planning includes evaluation of aneurysm structure, medication requirements and the potential risks of endovascular intervention.
Balloon-assisted coiling uses a temporary balloon positioned near the neck of a brain aneurysm during coil placement. The balloon helps prevent coils from extending into the parent blood vessel. This technique may be useful for selected aneurysms with challenging anatomy and requires specialised neurovascular expertise.
A brain arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins that can increase the risk of bleeding or neurological symptoms. Treatment may involve endovascular embolisation, microsurgery, radiosurgery or a combination of approaches. Management depends on the malformation's size, location and associated risks.
A dural arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal vascular connection involving blood vessels in the covering of the brain or spinal cord. Endovascular embolisation uses specialised materials to close selected abnormal connections. Treatment is guided by detailed angiographic imaging and the pattern of venous drainage.
Acute ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks circulation to part of the brain. Selected patients may benefit from urgent endovascular treatment to restore blood flow. Rapid neurological assessment and brain imaging are essential because eligibility depends on the affected vessel, time course and amount of salvageable brain tissue.
Mechanical thrombectomy is a catheter-based procedure used to remove blood clots from selected blocked arteries in the brain. Specialised devices retrieve or aspirate the clot to restore circulation. It is generally considered for eligible patients with large-vessel ischemic stroke after urgent imaging and multidisciplinary evaluation.
Intracranial stenting involves placing a small expandable device within a narrowed brain artery in carefully selected circumstances. It may be considered when severe arterial narrowing causes recurrent symptoms despite appropriate medical management. The procedure carries important risks and is not routinely recommended for every patient with intracranial stenosis.
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease occurs when plaque narrows arteries supplying the brain. Management usually prioritises medication, vascular risk-factor control and lifestyle modification. Endovascular procedures may be considered in selected complex cases after specialist review, particularly when symptoms recur despite intensive medical treatment.
Spinal vascular malformations involve abnormal blood vessels around or within the spinal cord. They may cause progressive weakness, sensory changes or neurological deterioration. Depending on the vascular anatomy, treatment may involve endovascular embolisation, surgery or combined approaches to reduce abnormal blood flow and protect neurological function.
Vascular malformations of the head and neck are abnormal blood vessel formations that may cause swelling, pain, bleeding or functional difficulties. Image-guided treatment can involve embolisation or other targeted interventions. Management depends on the type of malformation, its anatomical location and involvement of nearby structures.
Peripheral arterial interventions use minimally invasive catheter-based techniques to evaluate and treat selected narrowed or blocked arteries outside the brain. Procedures may include angioplasty or stenting when clinically appropriate. Treatment decisions consider symptoms, circulation, imaging findings and the benefits of medication or other vascular treatments.
Peripheral venous interventions address selected conditions affecting veins, such as venous obstruction or abnormal venous circulation. Image-guided techniques may include angioplasty, stenting or other procedures depending on the diagnosis. Appropriate imaging and evaluation are required to determine whether intervention offers meaningful clinical benefit.
Interventional oncology uses imaging guidance to deliver selected minimally invasive treatments for cancer-related conditions. Depending on tumour type and location, techniques may involve embolisation, ablation or targeted catheter-based therapy. Such procedures are generally planned collaboratively with oncology, surgical and radiology specialists.