Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is an image-guided procedure that creates a channel within the liver to reduce portal venous pressure. It may be considered for selected complications of portal hypertension, including difficult-to-control variceal bleeding or refractory ascites.
Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is an interventional procedure used in selected patients with gastric varices or certain portosystemic shunts. It involves catheter-based access to the abnormal vessels. Patient selection requires careful evaluation of liver disease and portal circulation.
Arteriovenous fistuloplasty uses balloon angioplasty to widen narrowed segments of a dialysis access fistula. It may help restore blood flow when stenosis interferes with dialysis function. Ultrasound or angiographic imaging is used to assess the access and guide treatment.
CT-guided procedures use computed tomography images to guide needles or other instruments towards a targeted abnormality. Depending on the diagnosis, they may support biopsy, drainage or other minimally invasive treatments. Imaging helps plan a safe access route and monitor instrument positioning.
Ultrasound-guided interventions use real-time imaging to identify anatomical structures and guide needles or catheters. They may be used for selected biopsies, fluid drainage and vascular access procedures. The technique can improve targeting without exposing patients to ionising radiation.
Endovascular treatment involves accessing blood vessels through catheters rather than conventional open surgery. Depending on the condition, procedures may include angioplasty, embolisation or other vascular interventions. Suitability is determined through imaging, clinical assessment and evaluation of procedural risks.
Transarterial chemoembolization is a liver-directed procedure used in selected patients with liver tumours. It delivers chemotherapy and embolic material through the tumour's arterial blood supply. Treatment decisions depend on tumour characteristics, liver function and multidisciplinary oncology assessment.
Vascular angioplasty uses a balloon catheter to widen selected narrowed blood vessels. The procedure may improve blood flow when a suitable vascular narrowing is identified. Imaging assessment determines the location and severity of the lesion and whether catheter-based treatment is appropriate.
Image-guided biopsy involves collecting tissue from an abnormal area using ultrasound or CT guidance. The sample is examined by a laboratory to support diagnosis. The procedure is selected according to the location of the lesion, clinical requirements and patient safety considerations.