Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive procedure used for selected lumbar disc herniations. A small endoscope and specialised instruments help remove disc material compressing a spinal nerve. Suitability depends on symptoms, neurological findings and imaging results.
Micro-endoscopic spinal decompression uses specialised instruments and a camera to relieve pressure on selected spinal nerves. It may be considered for spinal stenosis or other compression disorders when symptoms persist despite appropriate conservative treatment or significant neurological findings are present.
Minimally invasive lumbar discectomy removes selected portions of a damaged intervertebral disc that are compressing a nerve. The approach uses a smaller surgical corridor than traditional open surgery. Treatment decisions depend on pain, neurological symptoms and the location of the herniation.
Cervical disc decompression may be considered when a damaged disc in the neck compresses a nerve or the spinal cord. The selected surgical technique depends on the level and type of compression, spinal stability, neurological symptoms and the patient's overall condition.
TLIF is a spinal fusion procedure used for selected conditions involving instability or degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. The operation involves removing disc material, placing a bone graft or spacer and stabilising the affected spinal segment when clinically appropriate.
PLIF is a surgical procedure that joins selected vertebrae in the lower back to provide stability. It may be used for certain degenerative disorders, spinal instability or deformities. Patients require detailed assessment before deciding whether fusion is appropriate.
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure considered for selected painful vertebral compression fractures. A balloon may be used to create space within the fractured vertebra before bone cement is introduced. The procedure is not suitable for every compression fracture.
Vertebroplasty involves injecting specialised bone cement into a selected fractured vertebra to provide stabilisation. It may be considered in carefully evaluated patients with persistent pain from certain vertebral compression fractures, after reviewing risks and alternative treatment options.
A slipped or herniated disc occurs when disc material extends beyond its normal position and may irritate or compress nearby nerves. Management can include medication, physiotherapy, activity modification and selected surgical procedures when clinically indicated.
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of spaces within the spinal canal that can compress nerves. Symptoms may include pain, numbness, weakness or difficulty walking. Management ranges from conservative measures to surgical decompression in selected cases.
Vertebral compression fractures involve collapse of part of a spinal vertebra and may result from osteoporosis, trauma or other conditions. Treatment depends on fracture stability, pain severity, neurological findings and underlying causes, with surgery reserved for appropriate cases.
Degenerative spine disease includes age-related changes affecting spinal discs, joints and supporting structures. Management depends on symptoms and may include exercise, physiotherapy, medication or surgery when significant nerve compression or instability requires intervention.