Total knee replacement is a surgical procedure in which damaged knee joint surfaces are replaced with artificial components. It may be considered for patients with advanced arthritis, persistent knee pain and significant difficulty performing daily activities despite appropriate non-surgical treatment. Rehabilitation and physiotherapy are important parts of postoperative recovery.
Robotic-assisted knee replacement uses computer-based planning and robotic guidance to support precise bone preparation and implant positioning. It may be suitable for selected patients requiring knee replacement surgery. The technology assists the surgeon but does not replace surgical expertise, and clinical outcomes depend on several patient-specific factors.
Total hip replacement involves replacing damaged hip joint surfaces with artificial components to reduce pain and improve mobility. It may be recommended for advanced hip arthritis, selected fractures or other severe joint conditions. Preoperative assessment considers bone quality, medical history and functional needs, followed by structured postoperative rehabilitation.
Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that reconstructs or replaces a damaged joint to improve function and relieve pain. It commonly involves the knee or hip but may also be performed on other joints. The choice of procedure depends on the severity of joint disease, patient health and response to conservative treatment.
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera and surgical instruments inserted through small incisions to examine or treat selected knee conditions. It may be appropriate for certain meniscus tears, loose fragments or ligament-associated problems. It is not routinely recommended for uncomplicated degenerative knee arthritis.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is performed to replace a torn ACL using a suitable tissue graft. It may be considered for patients with persistent knee instability, high activity demands or associated injuries. Treatment planning considers examination findings, imaging, activity goals and the potential benefits of structured rehabilitation.
Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction addresses selected severe PCL injuries that cause knee instability or occur with damage to other ligaments. Surgery involves reconstructing the injured ligament using a graft. Not all PCL injuries require surgery, and the decision depends on injury severity, stability, symptoms and functional requirements.
Meniscus repair is performed to preserve and repair suitable tears in the cartilage-like structures that help distribute weight across the knee joint. The possibility of repair depends on the tear location, pattern and tissue condition. Rehabilitation protocols vary, and recovery may involve temporary restrictions on knee movement and weight bearing.
Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive technique used to assess and treat selected problems inside the shoulder joint. Depending on the diagnosis, it may be considered for certain labral injuries, rotator cuff tears or instability. The procedure uses a camera and specialised instruments, followed by rehabilitation appropriate to the treatment performed.
Hip arthroscopy involves using small instruments and a camera to examine and treat selected conditions inside the hip joint. It may be considered for certain labral tears or femoroacetabular impingement when appropriate. Clinical assessment and imaging are important because not all causes of hip pain are suitable for arthroscopic surgery.
Ankle arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine and manage selected conditions affecting the ankle joint. Potential indications include certain cartilage injuries, impingement syndromes and loose joint fragments. The decision to proceed depends on symptoms, examination findings, imaging and the patient's response to non-surgical care.
Shoulder replacement surgery involves replacing damaged joint surfaces with prosthetic components. It may be considered for severe arthritis, complex fractures or certain conditions involving the rotator cuff. Different implant designs are available, and treatment selection depends on shoulder anatomy, soft tissue function, age, activity and rehabilitation requirements.
Carpal tunnel release is a procedure that reduces pressure on the median nerve at the wrist by releasing the transverse carpal ligament. It may be recommended for persistent or severe carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly when weakness or nerve damage is present. Non-surgical options may be considered in suitable cases.
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut and realigned to correct selected deformities or redistribute forces across a joint. Around the knee, it may be considered for certain patients with uneven joint loading. Suitability depends on limb alignment, joint damage, age and activity requirements.
Diagnostic arthroscopy allows a surgeon to examine the inside of a joint using a small camera. It may be considered when symptoms remain unexplained despite clinical examination and suitable imaging, or when an arthroscopic treatment is also planned. MRI and other non-invasive investigations are generally considered before diagnostic surgery.
Orthopaedic implant removal involves taking out plates, screws or other fixation devices previously inserted during fracture or bone surgery. Removal may be appropriate when implants cause symptoms, infection or other complications. Many implants do not require routine removal, and decisions depend on bone healing, implant position and surgical risks.