Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous gel from inside the eye to allow treatment of selected retinal and vitreous disorders. It may be recommended for retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage, macular holes or epiretinal membranes following specialist evaluation.
Micro-incision vitrectomy surgery uses small instruments and incisions to access the vitreous and retina. It is performed for selected conditions requiring surgical treatment inside the eye. The technique depends on the diagnosis, retinal anatomy and complexity of the procedure.
Retinal detachment occurs when the light-sensitive retina separates from the underlying tissue. It can cause flashes, floaters or a shadow across vision and requires urgent assessment. Surgery aims to reattach the retina using techniques appropriate to the type and extent of detachment.
Scleral buckling is a retinal detachment repair procedure in which a silicone band or element is placed around part of the eye to support the retinal wall. It may be used for selected retinal breaks and detachments, sometimes alongside other treatments.
Diabetic retinopathy develops when diabetes damages blood vessels in the retina. Depending on severity, treatment may involve retinal laser therapy, intravitreal injections or surgery. Regular retinal examinations are important because significant disease can develop before noticeable vision changes.
Retinal laser treatment uses focused light energy to treat selected retinal abnormalities. It may be considered for diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears or some vascular retinal disorders. The purpose and technique vary according to the location and nature of the disease.
Intravitreal injections deliver medication directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye. They are commonly used for selected conditions such as macular oedema, age-related macular degeneration and retinal vascular disease. Treatment often requires repeated monitoring and injections based on response.
A macular hole is a defect in the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Vitrectomy with additional surgical steps may be recommended to encourage closure. Visual recovery depends on factors including the hole's size and duration.
An epiretinal membrane is a thin layer of tissue that forms over the retinal surface and may cause distorted or blurred vision. Surgery can involve vitrectomy and careful removal of the membrane when symptoms and examination findings justify intervention.
Vitreous haemorrhage occurs when blood enters the gel-filled cavity of the eye, potentially causing floaters or significant visual obstruction. Treatment depends on the cause and severity. Some cases can be monitored, while others require laser treatment or vitrectomy.
Retinal vein occlusion occurs when blood flow through a retinal vein becomes obstructed. It may cause retinal swelling and vision impairment. Management can include intravitreal injections, retinal imaging, laser treatment in selected cases and monitoring for complications.
Age-related macular degeneration affects the central retina and may impair reading and detailed vision. Treatment depends on whether the condition is dry or neovascular. Selected patients with neovascular disease may benefit from intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and ongoing retinal monitoring.
Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces detailed cross-sectional images of retinal layers. It helps evaluate macular oedema, macular holes, epiretinal membranes and other retinal conditions. It also supports monitoring during treatment.
Fundus fluorescein angiography uses an injected fluorescent dye and retinal photography to study blood flow through retinal vessels. It can help identify leakage, abnormal blood vessel growth and vascular changes associated with retinal diseases.
Indocyanine green angiography is an imaging investigation that provides information about blood circulation in the deeper vascular layers beneath the retina. It may be useful in selected macular and choroidal disorders when additional vascular detail is required.
Ocular ultrasonography uses sound waves to examine structures inside the eye. It is particularly useful when cataract, bleeding or other media opacity prevents direct viewing of the retina. The results can help guide diagnosis and surgical planning.