Diabetic retinopathy is a condition in which diabetes damages the small blood vessels in the retina. It may cause blurred vision, floaters or vision loss. Treatment depends on severity and may involve blood sugar management, retinal laser therapy, intravitreal injections or vitreoretinal surgery for advanced complications.
Retinal detachment occurs when the light-sensitive retinal tissue separates from its supporting layers. Symptoms can include sudden flashes, floaters or a dark shadow across vision. Prompt ophthalmological assessment is essential. Treatment may involve vitrectomy, scleral buckling or other retinal procedures to reattach the retina.
Vitrectomy is a specialised eye operation that removes the vitreous gel to access and treat retinal conditions. It may be recommended for retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage or selected macular disorders. The surgical technique, postoperative precautions and expected recovery depend on the underlying diagnosis and severity of the condition.
Retinopathy of prematurity is a retinal disorder affecting some premature infants due to abnormal development of retinal blood vessels. Screening is recommended for infants who meet neonatal risk criteria. Early identification allows timely monitoring and treatment when necessary, helping reduce the risk of serious visual impairment.
Advanced retinopathy of prematurity may require treatment to control abnormal blood vessel growth in the developing retina. Options include retinal laser therapy or intravitreal anti-VEGF medication in selected cases. Decisions are guided by retinal examination, disease stage, infant health and the need for long-term follow-up.
Intravitreal injections deliver medication into the vitreous cavity of the eye. They are used for selected retinal conditions, including diabetic macular edema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration and retinal vascular disorders. The procedure is performed using sterile techniques, with follow-up examinations to monitor treatment response and possible complications.
Retinal laser photocoagulation uses focused laser energy to treat selected retinal abnormalities. It may be recommended for certain stages of diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears or other vascular retinal disorders. The purpose is to reduce the risk of disease progression or stabilise particular retinal changes.
Age-related macular degeneration affects the central retina responsible for detailed vision. Symptoms may include blurred or distorted central vision. Management depends on disease type and severity and may involve monitoring, nutritional recommendations or intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for neovascular disease.
Cataract surgery removes a cloudy natural lens and usually replaces it with an artificial intraocular lens. It may be considered when cataract-related visual impairment affects everyday activities. Preoperative examination helps determine the appropriate surgical technique, lens selection and individual risks.
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery technique that uses ultrasound energy to break the cloudy lens into small fragments for removal. An intraocular lens is then generally implanted. Suitability is determined through eye examination, lens measurements and assessment of other existing eye conditions.
Glaucoma is a group of conditions that damage the optic nerve and may cause progressive vision loss. Evaluation includes intraocular pressure measurement, optic nerve assessment and visual field testing. Treatment may involve prescribed eye drops, laser therapy or surgery according to disease severity.
Medical retina care focuses on diagnosing and managing diseases of the retina that may require medication, injections, laser therapy or monitoring. Common conditions include diabetic retinal disease and macular degeneration. Assessment may involve dilated retinal examination, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography.