Uveitis is inflammation affecting the uveal tract of the eye and may cause redness, pain, light sensitivity, blurred vision or floaters. It can develop due to autoimmune conditions, infections or other causes. Treatment depends on the underlying diagnosis and may include anti-inflammatory medication, antimicrobial therapy and specialist monitoring.
Anterior uveitis involves inflammation in the front portion of the eye, particularly the iris and surrounding structures. Symptoms may include eye pain, redness and sensitivity to light. Treatment commonly involves prescribed eye drops, evaluation for associated conditions and regular examinations to detect complications such as glaucoma or cataracts.
Posterior uveitis affects structures near the back of the eye, including the retina and choroid. It may cause blurred vision, floaters or reduced visual clarity. Evaluation can include retinal examination, optical coherence tomography, angiography and selected laboratory investigations to guide diagnosis and treatment.
A cataract develops when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision, glare and difficulty seeing in low light. An ophthalmological examination determines how much the cataract affects vision. Surgery may be recommended when visual impairment interferes with everyday activities.
Phacoemulsification is a modern cataract surgery technique in which ultrasound energy breaks the cloudy natural lens into small fragments for removal. An artificial intraocular lens is generally implanted to restore focusing ability. The procedure is considered according to eye health, cataract severity and individual surgical suitability.
Diabetic retinopathy develops when prolonged high blood sugar damages small blood vessels in the retina. Early disease may not produce noticeable symptoms, making regular dilated retinal examinations important. Screening helps identify retinal changes and determine whether closer monitoring, systemic risk-factor management or eye-specific treatment is required.
Diabetic macular edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the central retina because of diabetes-related blood vessel leakage. It can cause blurred or distorted central vision. Optical coherence tomography helps assess retinal swelling, while treatment may include intravitreal medication, laser therapy in selected cases and diabetes management.
Age-related macular degeneration affects the central portion of the retina responsible for detailed vision. It may cause distortion, blurred central vision or difficulty recognising faces. Treatment depends on whether the condition is dry or neovascular and may include monitoring, nutritional recommendations or intravitreal injections.
Intravitreal injections deliver medication directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye. They are commonly used for selected retinal conditions, including neovascular macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema and certain retinal vascular disorders. Treatment requires careful patient selection, sterile technique and follow-up to assess effectiveness and complications.
Retinal laser photocoagulation uses focused laser energy to treat selected retinal disorders. It may be recommended for certain diabetic retinal complications, retinal tears or other vascular abnormalities. The procedure aims to reduce disease progression or manage specific retinal changes, depending on the diagnosis.
Retinal vein occlusion occurs when a vein responsible for draining blood from the retina becomes blocked. It may cause sudden painless vision loss or retinal swelling. Management involves retinal imaging, monitoring, treatment of associated macular edema and control of cardiovascular risk factors.
Retinal diseases can affect light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye and may produce blurred vision, distortion, flashes or floaters. A comprehensive retinal assessment can involve dilated examination, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography to identify the condition and guide appropriate management.
Glaucoma is a group of conditions that damage the optic nerve, sometimes associated with increased intraocular pressure. Early glaucoma may cause no noticeable symptoms. Screening and evaluation can involve pressure measurement, optic nerve examination, visual field testing and retinal nerve fibre imaging.
Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eyes produce insufficient tears or the tear film becomes unstable. Symptoms include burning, irritation, fluctuating vision and a gritty sensation. Treatment may involve lubricating drops, eyelid hygiene, environmental changes and prescribed medication based on the underlying cause.
A comprehensive eye examination evaluates vision and overall eye health. It may include visual acuity testing, refraction, examination of the cornea and lens, intraocular pressure measurement and retinal evaluation. Regular assessments can help identify cataracts, glaucoma, retinal disease and other conditions requiring medical attention.
A corneal ulcer is an open sore affecting the transparent front surface of the eye, often associated with infection or injury. Symptoms may include pain, redness, discharge and light sensitivity. Prompt ophthalmological evaluation and cause-specific treatment are important to reduce the risk of corneal scarring and vision loss.