Cataract surgery removes the eye's cloudy natural lens and replaces it with a clear artificial intraocular lens. It may be recommended when cataracts interfere with reading, driving or everyday activities. An ophthalmologist assesses vision, eye health and lens requirements before recommending the most suitable surgical approach.
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that can damage the optic nerve and cause irreversible vision loss. Assessment may include eye pressure measurements, optic nerve examination and visual field testing. Treatment can involve prescription eye drops, laser therapy or surgery, depending on disease severity and progression.
LASIK is a laser-assisted procedure used to correct certain refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. It reshapes the cornea to improve the way light focuses on the retina. Suitability depends on corneal thickness, prescription stability, eye health and a detailed preoperative examination.
Corneal transplantation replaces damaged or diseased corneal tissue with suitable donor tissue. It may be considered for advanced corneal scarring, certain degenerative conditions or corneal failure. Different transplant techniques replace different layers of the cornea, depending on the disease and the patient's clinical requirements.
Vitrectomy is an ophthalmic surgical procedure in which the vitreous gel inside the eye is removed to access or treat retinal problems. It may be used for selected cases of retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage or macular disease. The need for surgery is determined through a specialist retinal assessment.
Diabetic retinopathy occurs when diabetes damages small blood vessels in the retina. Regular dilated eye examinations and retinal imaging can detect changes before significant vision loss develops. Management may involve blood glucose control, monitoring, retinal laser treatment or injections, depending on the severity of disease.
Dry eye disease develops when tear production or tear-film quality is insufficient to maintain a comfortable ocular surface. Symptoms may include burning, irritation, fluctuating vision and a gritty sensation. Treatment can include lubricating drops, eyelid hygiene, environmental changes and prescription therapies based on the underlying cause.
Squint, also called strabismus, occurs when the eyes do not align properly. Eye muscle surgery adjusts the position or tension of selected eye muscles to improve alignment. Depending on the patient's age and condition, management may also include glasses, patching or other non-surgical approaches.
Ptosis is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops and may interfere with vision or appearance. Surgical correction may be considered when eyelid position affects the visual field or daily activities. The treatment approach depends on eyelid muscle function, severity and the underlying cause.
Pterygium is a non-cancerous growth of conjunctival tissue that may extend onto the cornea. Surgery may be recommended when the growth affects vision, causes persistent irritation or continues to enlarge. Removal is sometimes combined with a conjunctival graft to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces detailed cross-sectional images of retinal and optic nerve structures. It helps ophthalmologists evaluate conditions such as macular disease, diabetic retinal changes and glaucoma. The examination is commonly used for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment planning.
Vision therapy and patching may be recommended for selected disorders of eye coordination or visual development. Patching is commonly used in children with amblyopia to encourage use of the weaker eye. Treatment effectiveness depends on the diagnosis, age, prescribed regimen and regular clinical monitoring.
Eyelid surgery may address certain structural, functional or medical conditions affecting the eyelids. Depending on the diagnosis, procedures may correct abnormal positioning, remove selected lesions or address tissue that obstructs vision. A detailed examination helps determine whether treatment is medically necessary and which technique is appropriate.
Scleral contact lenses are specialised lenses that rest on the sclera and vault over the corneal surface. They may help selected patients with irregular corneas or severe ocular surface disease. Assessment includes corneal evaluation, lens fitting and follow-up to check comfort, vision and eye health.
Retinal disease assessment helps identify conditions affecting the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Symptoms can include blurred central vision, distortion, floaters or flashes. Dilated examination and specialised imaging may guide further tests, monitoring, medical treatment or referral for retinal surgery.
A comprehensive eye examination evaluates visual acuity, eye pressure, ocular structures and other aspects of visual health. Additional tests may be recommended according to symptoms and risk factors. Regular examinations can help identify refractive errors, cataracts, glaucoma and retinal changes requiring further assessment or treatment.