Comprehensive ophthalmology consultation focuses on evaluating vision and conditions affecting the eyes. Examination may include visual acuity testing, eye pressure measurement and assessment of the front and back of the eye. Further investigations are selected according to symptoms, examination findings and relevant medical history.
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery technique that uses ultrasound energy to break up and remove the cloudy natural lens through a small incision. An artificial intraocular lens is usually implanted. The procedure is planned according to cataract severity, eye measurements, other ocular conditions and the patient's visual needs.
Small-incision cataract surgery is a technique used to remove an opaque natural lens through a self-sealing surgical incision. It may be suitable for selected cataracts, including certain dense lenses. An intraocular lens is commonly implanted. Surgical selection depends on the cataract characteristics and overall eye health.
Cataract evaluation involves assessing lens opacity, vision, eye anatomy and other ocular conditions. When surgery is indicated, measurements help select an appropriate intraocular lens. The choice of lens depends on visual requirements, eye health and realistic expectations. Patients should understand that surgery does not eliminate every possible cause of poor vision.
Glaucoma can damage the optic nerve and may progress without noticeable early symptoms. Evaluation may involve eye pressure assessment, optic nerve imaging, visual field testing and examination of the drainage angle. Treatment aims to reduce the risk of further damage and may include medicines, laser procedures or surgery.
Glaucoma surgery may be considered when medication or other treatment does not adequately control the risk of optic nerve damage. Different procedures aim to improve fluid drainage or reduce eye pressure. Surgical selection depends on glaucoma type, severity, previous treatment and individual ocular findings.
Laser trabeculoplasty is used in selected forms of open-angle glaucoma to improve drainage of fluid from the eye and reduce intraocular pressure. Suitability depends on glaucoma type, eye examination findings and treatment history. Patients require follow-up because laser treatment may not provide adequate pressure control in every case.
Keratoplasty is a surgical procedure involving replacement of diseased corneal tissue with donor tissue. It may be considered for selected corneal scars, degeneration or other conditions affecting vision. The type of graft depends on which corneal layers are affected and the patient's overall eye condition.
Medical retina care focuses on conditions affecting the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Assessment may involve dilated retinal examination, optical coherence tomography and vascular imaging. Treatment depends on the diagnosis and may require medication, laser therapy or referral for additional retinal procedures.
Retinal laser treatment may be used for selected conditions affecting retinal blood vessels or other retinal structures. The procedure applies controlled laser energy to targeted areas of tissue. Treatment decisions depend on retinal examination and imaging results, while ongoing monitoring is necessary to evaluate disease progression.
Nd:YAG laser treatment is used for selected eye conditions, including posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery and some forms of glaucoma treatment. The procedure is performed according to a specific clinical indication. Assessment and follow-up are required because laser procedures carry potential risks and limitations.
Lacrimal surgery treats selected conditions affecting tear drainage. Blockage of the drainage pathway may cause persistent watering or recurrent infection. Assessment includes examination of the eyelids and drainage structures. Surgical treatment depends on the location and cause of obstruction and the patient's clinical circumstances.
Eyelid disorders may affect eye protection, comfort and vision. Some conditions involve abnormal eyelid position, lesions or inflammation. Evaluation considers symptoms and examination findings. Treatment may involve medication, monitoring or surgery when the condition affects function or requires further diagnostic assessment.
Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive imaging test that provides detailed cross-sectional images of retinal and optic nerve structures. It helps assess conditions such as glaucoma and macular disorders. OCT results are interpreted alongside clinical examination and other investigations rather than being used alone to establish every diagnosis.
Fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography use specialised imaging techniques to evaluate blood circulation within retinal and related ocular structures. These tests may be recommended when certain vascular abnormalities are suspected. Their suitability depends on the clinical question, patient history and potential risks associated with contrast agents.
Refractive eye surgery aims to correct selected focusing errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. LASIK is one technique that reshapes the cornea using a laser. Suitability depends on corneal thickness, prescription stability, ocular health and individual risks. Not every patient is a suitable candidate.