Cataract surgery involves removing the cloudy natural lens of the eye and usually replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens. It may be recommended when cataracts significantly affect vision or daily activities. The surgical approach, lens selection, and expected recovery depend on the patient's eye health and individual visual requirements.
Phacoemulsification is a commonly used cataract surgery technique in which ultrasound energy helps break up the cloudy lens before its removal. An artificial intraocular lens is usually implanted afterward. The procedure is performed through a small incision, and suitability depends on cataract characteristics, associated eye conditions, and surgical assessment.
Vitreo-retinal surgery treats selected disorders affecting the vitreous gel and retina at the back of the eye. Surgical techniques may be considered for retinal detachment, vitreous haemorrhage, macular abnormalities, and other sight-threatening conditions. Treatment planning depends on retinal examination, diagnostic imaging, disease severity, and the patient's overall eye health.
Retinal laser treatment uses controlled laser energy to treat selected abnormalities affecting retinal tissue or blood vessels. It may be considered for certain retinal tears, diabetic retinal disease, or retinal vascular conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying diagnosis, retinal examination findings, and the expected benefits and risks of laser intervention.
Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from its supporting tissues, potentially causing sudden visual disturbances or vision loss. Symptoms may include flashes, floaters, or a shadow across the visual field. Treatment may involve laser procedures, gas injection, or retinal surgery depending on the type and extent of detachment. Urgent assessment is essential.
Vitreous haemorrhage occurs when bleeding enters the gel-like substance inside the eye. It may cause floaters, blurred vision, or sudden visual reduction. Evaluation aims to identify the underlying cause, such as diabetic retinal disease or retinal tears. Management may involve observation, retinal treatment, or vitrectomy when medically indicated.
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the small blood vessels of the retina. It may progress without noticeable symptoms before vision becomes affected. Regular retinal examinations and imaging help identify disease severity and guide treatment, which may include systemic risk-factor control, injections, laser therapy, or surgery.
Macular disorders affect the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Patients may experience blurred central vision, distortion, or difficulty reading. Assessment may involve retinal examination and optical coherence tomography. Management depends on the diagnosis and may include monitoring, injections, or surgical treatment for selected conditions.
Ophthalmic microsurgery involves precise surgical techniques performed on delicate eye structures using specialized magnification and instruments. These methods are used in various cataract, retinal, and other ophthalmic procedures. The choice of surgery depends on the condition being treated, the affected structures, and the patient's individual clinical needs.
A comprehensive eye examination evaluates visual function and the health of the eye's internal and external structures. Tests may include visual acuity assessment, eye pressure measurement, examination of the lens, and retinal evaluation. The findings help identify eye diseases, determine the need for further investigations, and guide appropriate treatment.
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve and can lead to permanent vision loss. Assessment may involve measuring eye pressure, examining the optic nerve, and performing visual field or imaging tests. Treatment depends on the disease type and severity and may include medication, laser therapy, or surgery.
Retinal vascular diseases affect blood circulation within the retina and may cause visual changes or retinal damage. Conditions include retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinal vascular complications. Evaluation may include retinal examination and diagnostic imaging. Treatment is selected according to the cause and may involve monitoring, injections, or laser procedures.