Breast cancer surgery aims to remove malignant breast tissue while achieving appropriate surgical margins. Depending on tumour size, location, stage and patient preferences, treatment may involve breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. Surgical planning can also include lymph node assessment and coordination with medical oncology and radiation oncology specialists.
Breast-conserving surgery removes a breast tumour along with a margin of surrounding tissue while preserving most of the breast. It is suitable for selected patients with breast cancer, depending on disease extent and other clinical factors. Radiotherapy is commonly recommended afterward to reduce the risk of local cancer recurrence.
Oncoplastic breast surgery combines cancer removal with reconstructive surgical techniques. The aim is to achieve appropriate tumour clearance while maintaining or restoring breast shape when possible. The approach depends on tumour location, breast volume, extent of surgery and individual patient needs. Oncological safety remains the primary consideration.
Mastectomy involves removing breast tissue as part of treatment for selected breast cancers or, in certain circumstances, reducing cancer risk. Different types of mastectomy may be considered according to tumour extent and clinical findings. Breast reconstruction and lymph node procedures may also form part of the treatment discussion.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a surgical procedure used to assess whether certain cancers have spread to nearby lymph nodes. A tracer helps identify the first draining lymph nodes, which are removed for pathological examination. The procedure may assist staging and treatment planning while potentially avoiding more extensive lymph node surgery.
Oral cancer surgery involves removing malignant growths affecting structures such as the tongue, gums, cheek lining or floor of the mouth. Treatment depends on tumour location, stage and surrounding tissue involvement. Some patients may require reconstructive surgery, lymph node management or additional cancer treatments to support disease control and function.
Head and neck cancer surgery treats selected malignant tumours involving the mouth, throat, salivary glands and related structures. Surgical planning aims to remove cancer while protecting important functions such as swallowing, speech and breathing whenever possible. Treatment may also involve lymph node surgery, reconstruction, radiotherapy or systemic therapy.
Thyroid cancer surgery may involve removal of part or all of the thyroid gland, depending on cancer type, size and extent. Selected patients may also require removal of affected neck lymph nodes. Surgical planning considers risks involving the vocal cord nerves and parathyroid glands, alongside long-term hormone management.
Gastrointestinal cancer surgery is used to remove selected malignant tumours affecting the digestive tract and associated structures. The operation depends on the affected organ, cancer stage and patient health. Surgical management may be combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or other treatments according to a multidisciplinary care plan.
Stomach cancer surgery may involve removing part or all of the stomach along with appropriate surrounding lymph nodes. The extent of surgery depends on tumour location, stage and the patient's overall condition. Treatment may also include chemotherapy or other systemic treatments before or after surgery when clinically indicated.
Colorectal cancer surgery involves removing cancerous tissue from the colon or rectum, usually with associated lymph nodes. The procedure depends on tumour location, stage and surrounding tissue involvement. Some patients may require temporary or permanent stoma formation, while others may be suitable for minimally invasive surgical approaches.
Laparoscopic oncosurgery uses a camera and specialised instruments inserted through small incisions to treat selected cancers. The approach may be appropriate for certain abdominal and pelvic tumours when oncological safety can be maintained. Its suitability depends on disease stage, tumour complexity and the patient's individual condition.
Gynaecological cancer surgery treats selected malignancies involving reproductive organs such as the uterus, ovaries and cervix. Operations may involve removal of affected organs, lymph node assessment or additional tissue resection. Surgical planning depends on cancer type, stage and fertility considerations, with input from appropriate gynaecological oncology specialists.
Urological cancer surgery involves operations for selected malignancies affecting the kidneys, bladder and other urinary organs. The specific procedure depends on cancer location, extent and the patient's kidney function and general health. Complex cases commonly require collaboration between surgical oncologists, urologists and other cancer specialists.
Soft tissue sarcomas are uncommon cancers that develop in muscles, fat, connective tissues or other soft tissues. Surgery aims to remove the tumour with appropriate margins while preserving important structures when feasible. Treatment may also involve radiotherapy or systemic therapy depending on tumour type, grade, location and stage.
Chest wall tumour excision involves removing selected benign or malignant growths affecting the tissues of the chest wall. Surgery may require removal of surrounding tissue and reconstruction in complex cases. Treatment planning considers tumour size, anatomical involvement, respiratory function and the need for multidisciplinary surgical and oncology care.