Chemotherapy uses medicines to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth. It may be recommended before surgery, after surgery or for advanced cancers, depending on the diagnosis. Dr. Pragnya Coca's documented medical oncology expertise includes chemotherapy for different solid tumours, with treatment selection based on cancer type, stage and patient health.
Immunotherapy helps the immune system recognise or attack certain cancer cells. It may be used for selected lung cancers, breast cancers and other malignancies when clinical and biological factors support its use. Treatment decisions depend on tumour markers, cancer stage, potential side effects and individual patient suitability.
Targeted therapy uses medicines designed to act on specific molecular changes or biological pathways involved in cancer growth. These treatments may be appropriate when tumour testing identifies relevant targets. Dr. Pragnya Coca's documented expertise includes targeted cancer treatments and individualised medical oncology planning.
Medical treatment for breast cancer may involve chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted medicines or immunotherapy, depending on the tumour subtype and stage. Dr. Pragnya Coca's clinical expertise includes breast cancer management, with treatment decisions guided by receptor status, molecular characteristics and the patient's overall condition.
Ovarian cancer management often involves coordination between surgical and medical oncology specialists. Systemic treatment may include chemotherapy and, for selected patients, maintenance or targeted therapy. Treatment planning considers the cancer stage, pathology, molecular findings, previous treatment and the patient's overall health.
Cervical cancer treatment depends on the disease stage and may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or selected systemic therapies. A medical oncologist helps assess the role of anticancer medicines, particularly in locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic disease. Individual treatment recommendations require multidisciplinary evaluation.
Endometrial cancer develops in the lining of the uterus. Medical oncology treatment may be considered for selected high-risk, recurrent or advanced cases. Options can include chemotherapy, hormonal treatment, immunotherapy or targeted medicines depending on pathology, molecular characteristics and previous treatments.
Medical treatment for lung cancer may involve chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted medicines. The appropriate approach depends on whether the cancer is small-cell or non-small-cell, its stage and relevant molecular findings. Dr. Pragnya Coca's documented expertise includes medical management of lung malignancies.
Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum and may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and selected targeted or immune-based treatments. A medical oncologist evaluates disease stage, pathology and molecular test results to help determine the appropriate systemic treatment strategy.
Stomach cancer treatment may involve chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other treatments coordinated with surgical and radiation oncology teams. Medical treatment depends on the cancer stage, tumour biomarkers, symptoms and overall health. The aim may be disease control, support for surgery or symptom management.
Head and neck cancers can affect the mouth, throat, voice box and related structures. Medical oncology care may involve chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy, depending on the cancer type and stage. Treatment planning commonly requires coordination with surgeons, radiation oncologists and supportive care specialists.
Hormonal therapy is used for selected hormone-sensitive cancers, including certain breast cancers. These medicines may reduce hormone production or interfere with hormone signalling that supports cancer growth. Treatment selection depends on hormone receptor status, disease stage, menopausal status and other patient-specific factors.
Precision oncology uses information about a tumour's molecular and biological characteristics to help guide treatment decisions. Testing may identify genetic alterations or biomarkers associated with particular therapies. Dr. Pragnya Coca's official profile lists precision medicine among her areas of clinical interest and expertise.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given before a primary treatment, such as surgery, while adjuvant chemotherapy is given afterward to reduce the risk of recurrence in selected cancers. The decision depends on the diagnosis, disease stage, treatment goals and evidence supporting the proposed treatment plan.
Metastatic cancer occurs when cancer spreads beyond its original location. Treatment may include systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted medicines or hormonal treatment. The approach depends on the primary cancer, molecular characteristics, previous therapies, symptoms and the patient's treatment goals.
Palliative and supportive oncology focuses on relieving symptoms, managing treatment-related side effects and supporting quality of life. It can be provided alongside active cancer treatment at different disease stages. Care may address pain, fatigue, nausea, nutrition, emotional concerns and communication about treatment goals.