Neurosurgery consultation evaluates conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord and associated nerves that may require surgical care. Assessment considers symptoms, neurological examination findings and investigations such as MRI or CT. Treatment depends on the diagnosis and may involve observation, medication, rehabilitation or a specialised operation.
Brain tumour surgery may be considered when an intracranial lesion requires removal, biopsy or relief of pressure. Treatment planning depends on tumour location, imaging findings, neurological function and other medical factors. Selected tumours may be treated through keyhole or endoscopic approaches, while others require conventional microsurgery.
Minimally invasive brain surgery uses carefully selected surgical corridors and specialised instruments to reach intracranial abnormalities. The approach aims to reduce unnecessary disruption of surrounding tissues where feasible. Suitability depends on lesion characteristics, surgical access and the need to protect important brain structures.
Endoscopic skull base surgery treats selected conditions located near the base of the skull. Depending on the abnormality, access may be possible through natural passages or other limited approaches. The procedure requires detailed imaging and careful evaluation of nearby nerves and blood vessels.
Endoscopic lumbar spine surgery may be considered for selected conditions causing lower back pain with nerve compression, including certain disc herniations. A camera and specialised instruments are used through a limited surgical approach. Not every spinal disorder is suitable for endoscopic treatment.
Cervical spine surgery may be needed for selected conditions involving compression of nerves or the spinal cord in the neck. Assessment includes neurological examination and appropriate imaging. The surgical technique depends on the cause, location and severity of compression and whether spinal stabilisation is required.
Disc herniation can irritate or compress nearby nerves, potentially causing pain, weakness or sensory changes. Many patients improve without surgery. Surgical evaluation is considered when symptoms persist despite appropriate care or when significant neurological problems develop. Treatment depends on clinical and imaging findings.
Spinal cord compression can result from degenerative disease, tumours, injury or other conditions. Depending on severity, patients may develop weakness, impaired walking or bladder symptoms. Urgent assessment is required for progressive neurological deficits. Surgery may involve decompression and, when necessary, spinal stabilisation.
Craniovertebral junction disorders affect the area where the skull meets the upper cervical spine. Abnormal alignment or structural disease may compress the brainstem or spinal cord. Assessment involves specialised imaging and neurological examination. Selected patients require decompression, fixation or other complex neurosurgical procedures.
Complex spinal deformities may involve abnormal curvature, rotation or alignment of the spine. Surgical evaluation considers pain, neurological problems, balance and the risk of progression. Not every deformity requires surgery, and treatment plans may include rehabilitation or specialised corrective procedures.
Epilepsy surgery may be considered for selected patients whose seizures remain uncontrolled despite appropriate medication. Evaluation typically involves neurological assessment, EEG monitoring, brain imaging and multidisciplinary review. The appropriate surgical approach depends on seizure type, location and potential effects on brain function.
Deep brain stimulation involves implanting electrodes in selected brain regions to modulate abnormal neural activity. It may be considered for certain movement disorders or other carefully selected neurological conditions. Eligibility requires specialist assessment and multidisciplinary planning. Availability of the procedure should be confirmed with the treating centre.
Keyhole spine surgery uses smaller surgical openings and specialised visualisation to treat selected spinal conditions. Depending on the diagnosis, the approach may help access a compressed nerve or other abnormality. Suitability, expected recovery and risks differ between patients and procedures.
A neurosurgical second opinion helps patients understand a proposed diagnosis or operation involving the brain or spine. Assessment may involve reviewing examination findings, MRI or CT results and previous treatment. Discussion can cover the expected benefits, limitations, risks and alternatives to surgery.