Brain tumour surgery involves removing or reducing abnormal growths within the brain when surgical treatment is appropriate. The procedure depends on tumour location, size, type and involvement of important neurological structures. Neurosurgeons use imaging and specialised surgical techniques to plan safe access, obtain tissue for diagnosis and preserve neurological function whenever possible.
Spinal tumours may develop within or around the spinal cord, nerve roots or vertebral structures. Symptoms can include back pain, weakness, numbness and difficulty walking. Surgery may be considered to obtain a diagnosis, remove tumour tissue, relieve neurological compression or stabilise the spine, depending on tumour characteristics and clinical findings.
Endoscopic brain surgery uses specialised cameras and instruments to access selected areas inside the skull or ventricular system. It may be considered for certain intracranial conditions where an endoscopic approach is suitable. The procedure aims to address the underlying problem while limiting surgical exposure, although its suitability depends on anatomy and diagnosis.
Endoscopic spine surgery is a minimally invasive approach used to treat selected spinal conditions, particularly certain problems involving nerve compression. A small camera and instruments allow the surgeon to operate through a limited access route. The choice of technique depends on spinal anatomy, imaging findings, symptoms and the need for adequate decompression.
Discectomy involves removing part of a damaged or herniated spinal disc that is pressing against a nerve. It may be considered when significant nerve-related pain, weakness or other neurological symptoms persist despite appropriate treatment, or when urgent neurological problems develop. Recovery depends on the surgical approach and the patient's condition.
Vascular neurosurgery addresses selected abnormalities of blood vessels supplying the brain and spinal cord, including aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. Treatment may involve microsurgical intervention, endovascular treatment by an appropriately trained specialist or multidisciplinary management. Decisions depend on the vascular condition, bleeding risk, anatomy and the patient's overall health.
Brain haemorrhage occurs when bleeding develops within or around the brain. It is a medical emergency that may cause severe headache, weakness, altered consciousness or seizures. Treatment focuses on stabilisation, identifying the cause and controlling complications. Selected patients require neurosurgical intervention to manage pressure or address the source of bleeding.
Deep brain stimulation is a specialised neurosurgical treatment involving electrodes implanted in selected brain regions and connected to a programmable stimulation device. It may help control certain movement disorder symptoms, particularly in carefully selected patients with Parkinson's disease. Comprehensive assessment is required to determine suitability, potential benefits and procedural risks.
Hydrocephalus occurs when cerebrospinal fluid accumulates abnormally within the brain's ventricular system. Depending on the cause, it may require surgical treatment to redirect or restore fluid circulation. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion uses a tube to drain excess fluid into the abdomen, with follow-up needed to monitor device function and complications.
Craniotomy is a surgical approach in which a portion of the skull is temporarily removed to access structures inside the cranial cavity. It may be required for selected tumours, blood clots, vascular conditions or traumatic injuries. The operation is planned according to the underlying diagnosis and risks to nearby neurological structures.
Paediatric neurosurgery addresses selected neurological conditions affecting infants and children. Spina bifida is a congenital condition involving incomplete development of the spine and sometimes the spinal cord. Treatment may involve surgical repair, monitoring of neurological function and multidisciplinary management of associated complications such as hydrocephalus or mobility difficulties.
Peripheral nerve surgery may be considered for selected nerve injuries, compression disorders or tumours. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, causing numbness, tingling or weakness. Treatment ranges from splinting and other conservative measures to surgical decompression when symptoms or nerve impairment warrant intervention.