Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition in which kidney function gradually declines. Management may include blood pressure control, diabetes management, kidney-protective medications, nutritional guidance and regular monitoring of kidney function. Early diagnosis and appropriate follow-up can help slow disease progression and reduce complications.
Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, known as glomeruli. It may cause blood or protein in the urine, swelling and impaired kidney function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, immune-modulating therapy and ongoing assessment of kidney function.
Hemodialysis is a kidney replacement treatment that removes excess fluid and waste products from the bloodstream when the kidneys cannot perform these functions adequately. Blood passes through a dialysis filter before returning to the body. Treatment frequency and duration depend on the patient's kidney function and clinical requirements.
Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose much of their ability to filter waste and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Management may include medication, dietary adjustments, treatment of complications and evaluation for dialysis or kidney transplantation. The approach depends on whether kidney failure is acute or chronic.
Renal vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels affecting the kidneys and can cause rapidly worsening kidney function. Diagnosis may require blood tests, urine studies and sometimes a kidney biopsy. Treatment commonly involves medications that control inflammation and abnormal immune activity, together with careful monitoring for treatment-related complications.
Kidney transplantation evaluation assesses whether a patient with advanced kidney disease may benefit from receiving a donor kidney. Assessment may include general health investigations, infection screening, cardiovascular evaluation and compatibility testing. Nephrologists work with transplant teams to evaluate medical suitability and support preparation for transplantation.
After kidney transplantation, patients require long-term monitoring of kidney function, immune-suppressing medications and potential complications. Follow-up may involve laboratory investigations, medication adjustments and infection surveillance. Consistent medical supervision helps identify signs of rejection, medication toxicity or changes in transplant function at an early stage.