Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is a cancer affecting immature lymphoid cells and is among the most common childhood cancers. Treatment typically involves risk-adapted chemotherapy delivered in several phases. Management requires regular blood tests, infection prevention, supportive care and monitoring for treatment-related complications and long-term effects.
Acute myeloid leukaemia is a blood cancer involving abnormal myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Treatment may include intensive chemotherapy, targeted therapy in selected cases and stem cell transplantation for certain high-risk patients. Careful monitoring is required because treatment can temporarily suppress normal blood cell production.
Paediatric lymphoma includes Hodgkin lymphoma and various forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma affecting children and adolescents. Treatment depends on lymphoma subtype, stage and clinical risk factors. Chemotherapy is commonly used, while selected cases may require immunotherapy, targeted treatments or other specialist interventions.
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer that develops from immature nerve cells, often in or near the adrenal glands. Treatment varies according to age, tumour characteristics and risk category. Management may involve chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or stem cell transplantation in selected high-risk cases.
Wilms tumour is a type of kidney cancer that mainly affects young children. Management commonly involves paediatric oncology treatment combined with surgical care. Depending on stage and clinical protocols, chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy may be recommended. Treatment decisions are coordinated through a multidisciplinary paediatric cancer team.
Childhood solid tumours are abnormal growths that develop in organs, bones or soft tissues. Examples include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumour and certain sarcomas. Treatment may combine chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and other specialised therapies depending on tumour type, location, stage and clinical risk factors.
Bone cancers in children and adolescents include conditions such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Treatment often requires coordinated care involving paediatric oncology, orthopaedic oncology and radiation specialists. Chemotherapy and surgery may be used according to the tumour diagnosis and extent of disease.
Paediatric chemotherapy uses medicines to destroy cancer cells or reduce their growth in children with selected malignancies. Treatment is tailored to the cancer type, disease stage and the child's health. Specialist care includes monitoring blood counts, managing side effects and supporting nutrition and infection prevention.
Autologous stem cell transplantation uses a patient's own previously collected blood-forming stem cells after intensive therapy. It may be considered for selected childhood cancers, including certain high-risk or recurrent malignancies. The process requires specialised preparation, infection prevention, supportive care and careful monitoring during recovery.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation uses blood-forming stem cells from a compatible donor. It may be considered for selected leukaemias, bone marrow failure disorders and inherited blood diseases. Treatment involves donor matching, conditioning therapy, transplantation and ongoing monitoring for infection, graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease.
Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder that reduces normal haemoglobin production. Severe forms may require regular blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy and monitoring for complications. Some children may be eligible for curative treatment through haematopoietic stem cell transplantation following specialist assessment.
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder in which abnormal haemoglobin can cause red blood cells to become rigid and obstruct circulation. Management includes infection prevention, pain care, appropriate medication, transfusion support and monitoring for organ complications. Stem cell transplantation may be considered for selected patients.
Aplastic anaemia is a bone marrow disorder in which insufficient blood cells are produced. Children may develop fatigue, infections or bleeding due to low blood counts. Treatment depends on disease severity and may include supportive transfusions, immunosuppressive treatment or stem cell transplantation.
Paediatric blood disorder evaluation investigates abnormal haemoglobin levels, low platelet counts, unusual bleeding, recurrent infections or other blood-related concerns in children. Diagnostic testing may include blood counts, blood film examination, haemoglobin studies and specialised bone marrow investigations when clinically indicated.
Supportive oncology care addresses complications that may occur during treatment for childhood cancer. It includes monitoring blood counts, preventing and treating infections, managing nausea or pain, and supporting nutrition and hydration. Close coordination among paediatric specialists, nurses and families is essential throughout treatment.