General surgery involves the assessment and surgical management of conditions affecting the abdomen, digestive system, soft tissues and related structures. Treatment may involve open or minimally invasive approaches depending on the diagnosis, symptoms and individual medical condition.
Laparoscopic surgery uses small incisions, a camera and specialised instruments to perform selected abdominal procedures. Compared with conventional open surgery, it may reduce wound size and recovery time in suitable patients. The chosen approach depends on the condition and surgical evaluation.
Laparoscopic hernia repair treats selected hernias through small abdominal incisions. The surgeon repositions protruding tissue and repairs the weakened area, often using surgical mesh. The technique depends on the hernia location, size, previous operations and overall health.
An inguinal hernia develops when abdominal tissue protrudes through a weakened area in the groin. Surgery repairs the defect and may involve mesh reinforcement. Open and laparoscopic approaches are available, with the preferred method determined through clinical assessment.
An umbilical hernia occurs when abdominal tissue protrudes near the belly button. Surgical repair may be recommended for symptomatic, enlarging or complicated hernias. The procedure involves closing the weakened abdominal wall, sometimes with mesh reinforcement.
Incisional hernias develop through weakened areas of the abdominal wall following previous surgery. Repair may involve an open or minimally invasive operation with reconstruction of the defect. Mesh may be used to reduce the risk of recurrence in appropriate cases.
Haemorrhoids are swollen vascular structures around the anal canal that may cause bleeding, discomfort or protrusion. Treatment includes dietary changes, medication, office-based procedures and surgery. Laser-assisted treatment may be considered for selected patients depending on disease severity.
Laser-assisted haemorrhoid procedures use laser energy to treat selected internal haemorrhoids. The technique may be suitable for particular grades of disease, but it is not appropriate for every patient. Examination and discussion of alternative treatments are important before surgery.
An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal that may cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements. Initial treatment often includes dietary measures and medication. Surgery may be considered for persistent fissures that do not improve with conservative care.
An anal fistula is an abnormal tract connecting the anal canal with the surrounding skin. Surgical treatment depends on the tract's anatomy and relationship with the anal sphincter muscles. Available approaches include fistulotomy and sphincter-preserving procedures for selected cases.
Laser fistula treatment uses controlled laser energy within a fistula tract in selected patients. The aim is to close the abnormal passage while preserving surrounding structures. Suitability depends on fistula complexity, previous treatment and the risk of recurrence.
Perianal disease management involves diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the tissues around the anus, including haemorrhoids, fissures, fistulas and abscesses. Management is based on clinical examination, symptoms and the severity of the underlying disorder.