Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive procedure used to repair selected abdominal wall defects. A camera and specialised surgical instruments are introduced through small incisions, and mesh may be used to strengthen the repair. The appropriate technique depends on hernia size, location, symptoms and previous surgical history.
An inguinal hernia occurs when abdominal tissue protrudes through a weakened area in the groin. It may cause a visible swelling, discomfort or pain during physical activity. Treatment can involve open or laparoscopic surgical repair, depending on the patient's condition, hernia characteristics and risk of complications.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder through small abdominal incisions. It is commonly performed for symptomatic gallstones or certain cases of gallbladder inflammation. Preoperative assessment includes reviewing symptoms, ultrasound findings and associated medical conditions to determine whether surgery is appropriate.
Gallstones are hardened deposits that form inside the gallbladder and may cause upper abdominal pain, nausea or inflammation. Many asymptomatic gallstones do not require immediate intervention. Patients experiencing recurring pain or complications may require gallbladder removal following clinical assessment and appropriate imaging investigations.
Laparoscopic appendectomy removes an inflamed appendix through small incisions using a camera and specialised instruments. The operation is commonly considered for acute appendicitis. Treatment planning depends on symptoms, clinical examination, imaging findings and the presence of complications such as perforation or an abdominal abscess.
Breast lumps may develop because of cysts, fibroadenomas, infections or other breast conditions. Evaluation can include clinical examination, ultrasound, mammography and biopsy when indicated. Surgical removal may be considered for selected lumps, depending on their characteristics, symptoms and tissue diagnosis.
A hydrocele is an accumulation of fluid around the testicle that can cause scrotal swelling or discomfort. Many cases require only observation, while persistent or symptomatic hydroceles may need surgery. Evaluation helps distinguish hydrocele from hernia, infection and other causes of scrotal swelling.
Ovarian cyst surgery may be considered for persistent, symptomatic, large or suspicious ovarian cysts. The procedure depends on ultrasound findings, age, reproductive goals and cancer risk assessment. Depending on the clinical situation, surgical treatment may involve cyst removal while preserving healthy ovarian tissue when feasible.
Colorectal surgery involves operative management of selected diseases affecting the colon and rectum. These may include certain tumours, inflammatory conditions and structural disorders. Treatment depends on the diagnosis, disease severity and patient health, with open or minimally invasive surgical approaches considered where appropriate.
Haemorrhoids are enlarged vascular cushions around the anal canal that may cause bleeding, discomfort or prolapse. Initial treatment often includes dietary fibre, hydration and medicines. More persistent or severe symptoms may require office-based procedures or surgery based on examination findings and haemorrhoid grade.
An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal that may cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements. Treatment typically begins with dietary adjustments, stool-softening measures and prescribed medicines. Chronic fissures that do not respond to conservative management may require specialist procedures.
An anal fistula is an abnormal passage between the anal canal and surrounding skin, often developing after an infection or abscess. Symptoms may include recurring discharge, swelling or pain. Surgical treatment depends on fistula anatomy and aims to control infection while protecting anal sphincter function.
Diabetic foot wounds can develop because of nerve damage, reduced blood circulation and infection associated with diabetes. Management includes wound assessment, pressure relief, infection control and glucose management. Some patients require specialised dressings, removal of damaged tissue or coordinated care with vascular and diabetes specialists.
Wound debridement involves removing dead, damaged or infected tissue to support healing and reduce complications. It may be used in selected traumatic, infected or chronic wounds. The method depends on the wound's condition, blood supply, infection severity and underlying medical problems.
Skin and soft tissue lumps may develop from lipomas, cysts or other growths. Many are benign but can require examination when painful, enlarging or changing. Surgical excision may be recommended for symptomatic lesions or when tissue examination is necessary to establish a diagnosis.
An abscess is a localised collection of pus caused by infection. It commonly produces swelling, pain, redness and sometimes fever. Incision and drainage may be needed to release the infected material. Additional treatment depends on the location, severity and presence of associated medical conditions.