Advanced therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy uses flexible endoscopes and specialised instruments to diagnose and treat selected digestive tract disorders. Procedures may involve removing abnormal tissue, treating strictures or managing complex gastrointestinal conditions without conventional open surgery.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy examines the oesophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine using a flexible camera. It may help diagnose reflux-related injury, ulcers, bleeding or suspicious lesions. Tissue samples or therapeutic procedures can be performed when indicated.
Colonoscopy examines the large intestine and rectum using a flexible endoscope. It may be recommended for persistent bowel symptoms, gastrointestinal bleeding or colorectal disease screening. The procedure can also permit tissue sampling and removal of selected polyps.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combines endoscopy and X-ray imaging to diagnose and treat selected conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts. It may be used to remove stones, relieve obstruction or place drainage stents when clinically necessary.
Large or complex bile duct stones may require advanced endoscopic techniques when standard extraction is unsuccessful. Treatment can involve stone fragmentation, specialised retrieval devices or other ERCP-based approaches. The method depends on stone size, location and duct anatomy.
Laser lithotripsy uses focused laser energy to fragment selected difficult bile duct stones during an endoscopic procedure. Smaller fragments may then be removed using retrieval devices. This technique is considered when conventional stone extraction methods are insufficient.
Pancreatic duct stones may develop in chronic pancreatitis and contribute to obstruction and pain. Selected patients may benefit from endoscopic treatment to fragment or remove stones and improve drainage. The approach depends on pancreatic duct anatomy and disease severity.
Acute pancreatitis involves sudden inflammation of the pancreas and may cause severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Treatment usually includes supportive medical care. Endoscopic intervention may be required in selected patients with biliary obstruction or other specific complications.
Chronic pancreatitis involves long-term pancreatic inflammation that may lead to pain, digestive difficulties and pancreatic dysfunction. Management depends on the underlying cause and may include medication, nutritional support, endoscopic therapy or surgery for selected complications.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when stomach contents repeatedly flow back into the oesophagus, causing symptoms or tissue injury. Treatment commonly involves lifestyle changes and medication. Selected patients may be considered for endoscopic or surgical interventions after specialist evaluation.
Barrett's oesophagus involves changes in the cells lining the lower oesophagus, often associated with long-standing acid reflux. Management may include endoscopic surveillance, acid suppression and endoscopic treatment of selected precancerous abnormalities according to clinical findings.
Endoscopic mucosal resection removes selected abnormal or precancerous tissue from the superficial lining of the digestive tract. It may be considered for suitable lesions identified during endoscopy. Tissue examination helps determine diagnosis and whether additional treatment is required.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection is an advanced technique that removes selected gastrointestinal lesions in one piece by carefully dissecting beneath the mucosal layer. It is used for certain superficial tumours or precancerous abnormalities after detailed specialist assessment.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for selected oesophageal motility disorders, particularly achalasia. The procedure divides specific muscles to improve the passage of food into the stomach. Patient selection requires appropriate diagnostic investigations.
Submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection is an advanced endoscopic procedure used to remove selected tumours arising from deeper layers of the gastrointestinal wall. It involves creating a tunnel beneath the mucosal surface to access and remove the lesion while preserving surrounding tissue where possible.
Endoscopic palliation helps relieve selected symptoms caused by advanced gastrointestinal cancers. Procedures may include stent placement or other interventions to address obstruction, swallowing difficulties or drainage problems. Treatment is planned according to the patient's symptoms and overall care goals.