Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used for selected chronic sinus conditions. The surgeon introduces a camera and specialised instruments through the nose to improve sinus drainage. Surgery is usually considered when appropriate medical treatment is insufficient.
Anterior skull base surgery addresses selected conditions near the boundary between the nasal cavity and the front of the skull. Endoscopic approaches may be used in carefully selected cases. These procedures often require detailed imaging and multidisciplinary surgical planning.
Microscopic ear surgery uses magnification to visualise small structures within the ear. It may be used for selected middle-ear disorders or structural problems. Surgical suitability depends on examination findings, hearing assessment and the underlying diagnosis.
Allergic rhinitis occurs when the nasal lining reacts to allergens such as dust mites or pollen. Symptoms include sneezing, itching, nasal congestion and a runny nose. Management may include allergen avoidance, nasal medicines and selected allergy investigations.
Chronic sinusitis involves persistent inflammation of the sinuses and can cause nasal blockage, facial pressure and reduced smell. Evaluation may include nasal endoscopy and imaging. Treatment depends on symptom severity and the cause of inflammation.
Nasal polyps are soft inflammatory growths within the nasal passages or sinuses. They can contribute to nasal obstruction and reduced smell. Treatment may involve medicines, specialist monitoring or endoscopic surgery for selected patients.
Ear infections can affect the outer or middle ear and may cause pain, discharge or hearing changes. Assessment helps identify the affected area and whether medication or further investigation is needed. Persistent or complicated infections require specialist evaluation.
Hearing loss may result from problems involving the outer, middle or inner ear. Evaluation commonly includes ear examination and hearing tests. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve medication, hearing devices or selected surgical procedures.
Head and neck ENT assessment addresses selected symptoms involving the ears, nasal passages, throat and surrounding structures. Evaluation may include clinical examination, endoscopy and imaging. The treatment plan depends on the specific diagnosis and anatomical findings.
The oropharynx includes structures at the back of the mouth and throat. Disorders affecting this area may cause pain, swallowing difficulty or other symptoms. ENT assessment helps identify the underlying condition and determine whether further investigations or specialist treatment are needed.