Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used for selected sinus disorders, especially when appropriate medical treatment has not provided sufficient relief. A surgeon uses a small camera and specialised instruments through the nose to improve sinus drainage and access affected areas.
Endoscopic ear surgery uses a small camera to visualise structures inside the ear. It may be considered for selected middle-ear conditions, depending on the diagnosis and surgical anatomy. The procedure enables detailed visualisation and may reduce the need for larger external incisions.
Thyroid swelling may develop because of nodules, thyroid enlargement or other conditions. Evaluation can involve physical examination, thyroid function testing, ultrasound and needle sampling when indicated. Treatment depends on the cause, symptoms, examination findings and results of investigations.
Neck swellings can arise from enlarged lymph nodes, cysts, salivary gland disorders or other causes. Medical assessment helps establish the source of swelling and determine whether imaging, laboratory tests or tissue sampling is needed. Treatment is based on the identified condition.
Chronic sinusitis involves persistent inflammation of the sinuses and may cause nasal blockage, facial pressure and reduced sense of smell. Evaluation can include nasal examination and imaging when appropriate. Management may involve medication, nasal treatments or surgery for selected cases.
Nasal obstruction can result from allergies, structural abnormalities, sinus inflammation or enlarged nasal tissues. An ENT assessment identifies potential causes through medical history and examination. Treatment may include medicines, nasal therapies or procedures when a structural problem requires correction.