Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body produces little or no insulin. Treatment requires insulin therapy, glucose monitoring and education about preventing low or high blood sugar. Individual management plans consider meals, activity, medication requirements and overall health.
Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and impaired regulation of blood glucose. Management may include lifestyle changes, medicines and regular monitoring. Clinical follow-up also helps assess the risk of complications involving the heart, kidneys, eyes and nerves.
Hypothyroidism develops when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Symptoms may include fatigue, constipation, cold intolerance and changes in weight. Diagnosis relies on thyroid function tests, and treatment commonly includes thyroid hormone replacement.
Hyperthyroidism results from excessive thyroid hormone activity and may cause palpitations, tremors, sweating and weight loss. Treatment options can include medicines, radioactive iodine or surgery, depending on the cause and severity of the condition.
Goitre refers to enlargement of the thyroid gland. Evaluation may involve a neck examination, thyroid function tests and ultrasound. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, the presence of symptoms and whether the enlargement affects nearby structures.
Thyroid nodules are lumps within the thyroid gland and are often benign. Assessment may include ultrasound, hormone testing and needle biopsy when indicated. Management depends on nodule characteristics, symptoms and potential malignancy risk.
Diabetes can affect several organs over time, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves and cardiovascular system. Regular screening helps identify potential complications early. Recommended assessments depend on diabetes type, duration, treatment and individual risk factors.
Hormonal disorders occur when endocrine glands produce too much or too little of particular hormones. Evaluation includes reviewing symptoms, medical history and selected laboratory tests. Treatment is guided by the identified hormonal abnormality and associated medical conditions.