Acne is a common skin condition involving blocked pores, inflammation and sometimes bacterial activity. Treatment may include topical medicines, oral medication and appropriate skincare. Management depends on acne severity, skin type and the risk of scarring.
Acne scars may develop when deeper skin inflammation damages collagen. Treatment options include selected resurfacing procedures, microneedling, subcision and other techniques. The appropriate method depends on scar type, depth and individual skin characteristics.
Melasma causes patches of increased skin pigmentation, often affecting the face. Management may involve sun protection, topical medicines and selected procedural approaches. Treatment is individualised because melasma can recur and some interventions may aggravate pigmentation.
Hyperpigmentation occurs when areas of skin develop increased melanin deposition. Potential causes include inflammation, sun exposure and hormonal factors. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include skincare, medicines or carefully selected dermatological procedures.
Hair loss can result from hereditary conditions, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes or scalp disorders. Dermatological assessment may include scalp examination, trichoscopy and selected blood tests. Treatment depends on the type and cause of hair loss.
Platelet-rich plasma treatment involves concentrating platelets from a patient's blood and injecting the preparation into selected areas of the scalp. It may be considered for certain hair loss conditions. The supporting evidence varies, and suitability requires individual assessment.
Laser hair reduction uses light energy to target hair follicles and gradually reduce hair growth. Multiple sessions are usually required. Treatment planning considers hair colour, skin tone, body area and the risk of pigmentation or other adverse effects.
Chemical peels involve applying carefully selected chemical solutions to exfoliate layers of skin. They may be considered for certain acne, pigmentation and texture concerns. The type and strength of peel depend on skin characteristics and treatment goals.
Botulinum toxin injections temporarily reduce activity in selected facial muscles and may be used for certain dynamic facial lines. Treatment requires careful assessment of anatomy, dosing and expectations. Possible side effects and limitations should be discussed before the procedure.
Dermal fillers are injectable materials used to restore selected areas of volume or modify facial contours. Treatment suitability depends on anatomy, medical history and aesthetic goals. Patients should understand the risks, including rare but serious vascular complications.
Moles and warts may require dermatological examination before treatment. Removal methods depend on the diagnosis, size, location and whether tissue examination is needed. Suspicious skin lesions should be assessed carefully rather than treated solely for cosmetic reasons.
Vitiligo causes loss of skin pigmentation in selected areas because pigment-producing cells are affected. Targeted light-based therapy may be considered for certain patients. The treatment approach depends on disease distribution, activity and individual response.
Nail surgery may be considered for selected nail disorders, persistent ingrown nails or lesions involving the nail unit. The procedure depends on the diagnosis and may involve partial nail removal, tissue sampling or other specialised techniques.
Laser skin rejuvenation uses controlled light energy to address selected skin texture, pigmentation or ageing concerns. Different laser technologies serve different purposes. Treatment selection requires assessment of skin type, goals and potential side effects.