Acne is a common inflammatory skin condition that causes pimples, blackheads, whiteheads and sometimes painful nodules. Treatment depends on acne severity and may include topical medication, oral medicines and selected dermatological procedures. Early management helps control inflammation and may reduce the risk of permanent acne scarring.
Acne scars develop when inflammation damages the deeper layers of the skin. Treatment options may include fractional laser resurfacing, chemical procedures and other dermatosurgical techniques. The approach depends on scar type, skin colour, severity and the patient's medical history, with multiple sessions sometimes required.
Chemical peels involve applying a controlled chemical solution to the skin to exfoliate selected layers. They may be considered for acne, superficial pigmentation, uneven skin texture and certain signs of photoageing. Peel selection depends on skin type and the condition being treated, with appropriate post-procedure sun protection required.
Fractional laser treatment creates controlled microscopic treatment zones in the skin to stimulate tissue renewal and collagen remodelling. It may improve selected acne scars, texture irregularities and signs of skin ageing. Treatment settings and recovery expectations depend on skin type, treatment depth and individual clinical assessment.
Picosecond laser technology delivers very short pulses of laser energy to targeted skin structures. It may be used for certain pigmentary conditions and other selected dermatological indications. Treatment suitability depends on the diagnosis, skin type and risk of complications such as post-inflammatory pigmentation changes.
Nd:YAG lasers are used in dermatology for selected vascular, pigmentary and hair-related conditions. Different wavelengths and settings allow treatment of particular skin structures. Dermatological assessment is important to determine suitability and minimise complications, including burns or changes in pigmentation.
Laser hair reduction uses light energy to target pigment within hair follicles and reduce unwanted hair growth. Several sessions are usually necessary because follicles pass through different growth phases. Results vary with hair colour, skin type, hormonal factors and treatment technique.
Hair loss can occur because of hereditary factors, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune conditions and other causes. Dermatological evaluation helps identify the underlying problem. Treatment may involve topical or oral medication, correction of contributing conditions and selected procedures according to the diagnosis.
Platelet-Rich Plasma therapy uses a concentrated preparation of platelets obtained from the patient's blood. In dermatology, it may be considered as an adjunct for selected hair-loss conditions. Evidence of benefit varies according to the indication and treatment protocol, so suitability and expected outcomes require individual discussion.
Botulinum toxin injections temporarily reduce activity in selected muscles and may be used for certain facial expression lines or other recognised dermatological indications. Treatment requires appropriate assessment and precise administration. Effects are temporary, and possible side effects should be discussed before the procedure.
Dermal fillers are injectable materials used to restore selected areas of facial volume or modify facial contours. Treatment requires detailed anatomical knowledge and careful patient selection. Potential complications include swelling, bruising, vascular obstruction and other serious adverse effects that require prompt recognition and management.
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder that may cause thickened, scaly patches, itching and discomfort. Management depends on disease severity and may include topical treatments, phototherapy, systemic medicines or biologic therapy. Ongoing assessment helps monitor disease activity and treatment safety.
Biologic therapies are medicines that target specific pathways involved in immune-mediated inflammation. They may be considered for selected patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis when other treatments are unsuitable or insufficient. Before starting treatment, appropriate screening and ongoing monitoring are required to manage potential risks.
Melasma and other pigmentation disorders cause darker patches or uneven skin colour. Treatment may include sun protection, topical medicines, chemical peels or selected laser procedures. Pigmentation can recur, and aggressive procedures may worsen discolouration in some patients, making careful assessment essential.
Dermatosurgery involves specialised procedures performed on skin and related structures. Scar revision may use surgical, laser-based or other techniques depending on the scar's characteristics. Treatment aims to improve selected functional or cosmetic concerns, but complete elimination of a scar is generally not possible.