Coronary angiography uses contrast dye and X-ray imaging to examine the blood vessels supplying the heart. It helps identify significant narrowing or blockages. Results guide decisions about medication, angioplasty or other treatments.
Primary coronary angioplasty is an emergency procedure used to restore blood flow during selected acute heart attacks. A catheter and balloon are used to open the blocked artery, often with placement of a coronary stent.
Cardiac catheterisation involves passing specialised catheters through blood vessels to assess heart structures, pressures or coronary arteries. The procedure may support diagnosis or treatment of selected cardiac conditions.
Acute myocardial infarction, commonly called a heart attack, occurs when blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked. Immediate hospital treatment is essential. Care may include medicines and urgent coronary intervention when appropriate.
Transoesophageal echocardiography uses an ultrasound probe passed into the oesophagus to obtain detailed cardiac images. It may be recommended for selected valve abnormalities, suspected cardiac clots or other structural heart conditions.
Paediatric cardiac catheterisation is a specialised procedure used to evaluate selected heart conditions in children. It may involve measuring cardiac pressures or examining blood flow. The procedure requires appropriate expertise and facilities.
Coronary artery disease develops when the arteries supplying the heart become narrowed by plaque. Management may involve medicines, lifestyle changes and selected interventions. The choice depends on symptoms, disease severity and cardiovascular risk.
Cardiac emergencies may involve suspected heart attack, serious rhythm abnormalities or sudden heart failure. Rapid assessment, monitoring and appropriate hospital treatment are essential to identify the cause and reduce the risk of complications.
Non-invasive cardiac evaluation may include ECG, echocardiography and selected stress tests. These investigations help assess heart rhythm, structure and function without inserting instruments into blood vessels. The appropriate test depends on symptoms and clinical findings.
Interventional cardiology consultations help determine whether selected heart conditions require catheter-based investigations or procedures. The cardiologist reviews symptoms, previous reports and associated risks before discussing the available treatment options.