Complex coronary angioplasty treats selected challenging coronary artery blockages using catheter-based techniques. These may involve difficult vessel anatomy, calcified lesions or multiple narrowed areas. Detailed imaging and risk assessment help determine whether intervention is appropriate.
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is an emergency treatment for suitable patients experiencing ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A catheter-based procedure opens the blocked coronary artery and restores blood flow, reducing the risk of additional heart muscle damage when performed promptly.
TAVI is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat selected patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. A replacement valve is delivered through a catheter, commonly via an artery in the groin. Eligibility depends on detailed cardiovascular and multidisciplinary assessment.
TMVR is a catheter-based technique used to replace the mitral valve in carefully selected patients. Suitability depends on the underlying valve condition, anatomy and procedural risks. It may be considered when conventional treatment approaches are unsuitable or carry significant risk.
MitraClip therapy is a catheter-based treatment for selected types of mitral regurgitation. The device brings portions of the mitral valve leaflets together to reduce backward blood flow. Patient selection requires imaging, clinical assessment and evaluation by a multidisciplinary heart team.
Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is a minimally invasive approach for selected patients with significant mitral valve regurgitation. A device is delivered through a catheter to improve leaflet closure. Treatment suitability depends on valve anatomy, disease severity and overall cardiovascular status.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair is a developing minimally invasive treatment option for selected patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation. Catheter-based devices aim to reduce valve leakage. Detailed imaging and specialist assessment are necessary to determine the most appropriate approach.
Atrial septal defect device closure treats suitable openings between the heart's upper chambers. A closure device is delivered through a catheter and positioned across the defect. Not every ASD is suitable for this approach, making anatomical assessment essential.
Patent foramen ovale closure involves placing a device across a persistent opening between the atria. The procedure may be considered in selected patients, particularly following specialist evaluation of certain unexplained strokes. Closure is not routinely necessary for every PFO.
Left atrial appendage closure is a catheter-based procedure that may reduce stroke risk in selected patients with atrial fibrillation. A device seals the appendage where blood clots can form. Eligibility depends on stroke risk, bleeding considerations and clinical assessment.
Intravascular ultrasound uses a miniature ultrasound probe within a coronary artery to generate detailed images of the vessel wall. It helps assess plaque, artery dimensions and stent positioning during selected coronary interventions.
Optical coherence tomography provides high-resolution images of the inner coronary arteries using light-based imaging technology. It can assist interventional cardiologists in evaluating plaque characteristics, stent expansion and selected complications during coronary procedures.
Coronary calcium modification involves specialised catheter-based techniques for treating heavily calcified coronary artery lesions. Methods may include atherectomy or intravascular lithotripsy. These approaches can help prepare selected lesions for effective angioplasty and stent placement.