Coronary angiography is a diagnostic procedure that uses contrast dye and X-ray imaging to examine the coronary arteries. It helps identify significant narrowing or blockages that may affect blood supply to the heart. Results guide decisions about medication, angioplasty or surgery.
Coronary angioplasty is a catheter-based procedure used to open significantly narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. A small balloon is inflated inside the affected vessel, and a stent may be placed to maintain blood flow. Suitability depends on coronary anatomy and clinical findings.
Coronary stents are small expandable devices placed inside selected narrowed coronary arteries during angioplasty. They help support the vessel and maintain blood flow. Following stent implantation, patients generally require appropriate medication and cardiovascular follow-up.
Rotational atherectomy uses a specialised rotating device to modify heavily calcified plaque within selected coronary arteries. It can help prepare complex lesions for balloon expansion and stent placement. The procedure is performed after detailed assessment of coronary anatomy.
Bifurcation stenting treats narrowing at locations where a coronary artery divides into two branches. These lesions may require specialised stenting techniques to preserve blood flow. Treatment planning depends on lesion complexity and the anatomy of both branches.
Peripheral angioplasty is a catheter-based treatment for selected narrowed arteries outside the heart. A balloon is used to widen the affected vessel, sometimes followed by stent implantation. The goal is to improve blood flow in patients with clinically significant vascular disease.
Carotid angioplasty and stenting may be considered for selected patients with significant narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the brain. The procedure uses a catheter and stent to improve vessel opening. Patient selection requires careful evaluation of stroke risk and alternative treatments.
A cardiac electrophysiology study investigates abnormal electrical activity within the heart. Specialised catheters record electrical signals and may help identify the mechanism of an arrhythmia. The findings can guide decisions about medication, ablation or implanted devices.
Catheter ablation treats selected heart rhythm disorders by delivering controlled energy to abnormal electrical pathways or tissue. It may be recommended when particular arrhythmias cause symptoms or require rhythm control. The procedure follows specialist electrophysiological assessment.
A permanent pacemaker is an implanted electronic device that helps regulate heart rhythm when certain slow heartbeats or conduction abnormalities occur. Device selection depends on the patient's diagnosis, symptoms and cardiac function. Long-term device checks are necessary.
An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is a device designed to detect and treat certain dangerous ventricular heart rhythms. It may deliver pacing or electrical shocks when medically necessary. Implantation is considered in selected patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Biventricular pacing, also called cardiac resynchronisation therapy, helps coordinate contractions of the heart's ventricles in selected patients with heart failure and electrical conduction abnormalities. Treatment suitability depends on heart function, ECG findings and clinical criteria.
Alcohol septal ablation is a catheter-based procedure used for selected patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It reduces the thickness of a small portion of the heart muscle to improve blood flow. Specialist assessment determines whether the procedure is appropriate.
Cardiac catheterisation involves passing a thin catheter through a blood vessel into the heart or surrounding arteries. It can be used to measure pressures, investigate cardiovascular abnormalities or perform selected interventions. The approach depends on the clinical indication.