An electrophysiology study evaluates the electrical activity of the heart using specialised catheters. It helps identify the origin and mechanism of abnormal heart rhythms. The findings may guide treatment decisions, including medication, ablation or cardiac device therapy.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation uses controlled energy delivered through a catheter to treat selected abnormal electrical pathways or tissue responsible for arrhythmias. It may be recommended for certain types of supraventricular tachycardia and other rhythm disorders after specialist evaluation.
Holter monitoring records the heart's electrical activity continuously during normal daily activities, usually over one or more days. It can help detect intermittent irregular heartbeats that may not appear during a standard ECG. The results are interpreted alongside symptoms and medical history.
An implantable loop recorder is a small monitoring device placed beneath the skin to record heart rhythm over an extended period. It may help investigate unexplained fainting or infrequent palpitations when shorter monitoring tests have not identified a clear cause.
A pacemaker is an implanted device that delivers electrical impulses when the heart beats too slowly or when certain conduction abnormalities occur. The device and pacing mode are selected according to the patient's rhythm disorder, symptoms and cardiac function.
Cardiac implantable electronic devices are used for selected heart rhythm and conduction disorders. Different devices provide monitoring, pacing or treatment of potentially dangerous rhythms. Device choice depends on the diagnosis, heart function and guideline-based clinical indications.
Supraventricular tachycardia refers to episodes of rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles. Patients may experience palpitations, dizziness or chest discomfort. Treatment can include medicines, rhythm-control techniques or catheter ablation depending on the type and severity of the arrhythmia.
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular cardiac rhythm associated with symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue and breathlessness. Specialist assessment may include ECG monitoring, stroke-risk evaluation and consideration of medication or rhythm-control strategies. Management is individualised according to patient risk factors.
Bradycardia refers to a slower-than-expected heart rate. Although sometimes normal, it can cause dizziness, fatigue or fainting when circulation is affected. Evaluation identifies whether medication, conduction disease or other conditions are responsible and whether pacing treatment is required.
Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump or fill effectively enough to meet the body's needs. Management may involve medication, lifestyle measures, monitoring and selected device therapies. Specialist evaluation considers symptoms, heart function and associated rhythm abnormalities.