Congenital heart disease includes structural abnormalities of the heart that develop before birth. Specialist evaluation helps determine the type and severity of the condition, monitor circulation and heart function, and identify whether observation, medication, catheter-based intervention or surgery may be appropriate.
Fetal echocardiography is a specialised ultrasound examination used to assess the structure and function of a developing baby's heart. It may be recommended when prenatal screening suggests a cardiac abnormality or when pregnancy-related risk factors require more detailed fetal heart evaluation.
Fetal cardiology consultation involves evaluating suspected heart conditions before birth. The specialist reviews imaging findings, explains possible diagnoses and discusses monitoring and delivery planning with the family and obstetric team. Further assessment after birth may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Structural heart disease evaluation identifies abnormalities involving cardiac chambers, valves, walls or major blood vessels. Clinical examination and cardiac imaging help determine how the abnormality affects blood flow and whether ongoing surveillance or an intervention should be considered.
A heart murmur is an additional sound heard during examination of the heart. Many childhood murmurs are harmless, while others may indicate structural heart disease. Specialist assessment helps determine whether further investigations, including echocardiography, are required.
Paediatric arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that may cause palpitations, dizziness, fainting or other symptoms. Evaluation may involve an electrocardiogram and additional rhythm monitoring. Treatment depends on the type of rhythm abnormality and its effect on the child.
Adults born with congenital heart conditions may require lifelong cardiac monitoring, even after childhood treatment. Specialist follow-up assesses heart function, residual abnormalities, rhythm disturbances and potential complications, supporting decisions about further investigations and appropriate management.
Selected structural heart conditions can be treated through catheter-based procedures rather than open surgery. The suitability of intervention depends on the patient's anatomy, age and clinical findings. Specialist evaluation determines whether an interventional approach is appropriate.
Children with congenital or acquired heart conditions often need periodic assessments to monitor growth, cardiac function and symptoms. Follow-up visits help identify changes that may require treatment adjustments, further imaging or referral to a multidisciplinary cardiac team.