Arthroplasty (joint replacement surgery) involves removing a damaged joint and replacing it with an artificial implant (prosthesis). It is done for severe arthritis or joint destruction. Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure using a small camera to diagnose and treat internal joint problems like cartilage tears, ligament injuries, or loose bodies, without replacing the joint.

Patients typically stay in hospital for 2–4 days. Physiotherapy begins immediately. Most can walk with support within 1–2 weeks and return to normal daily activities by 3–6 months. Full recovery, including regaining muscle strength, may take up to a year. Post‑op rehabilitation is essential for successful outcomes.

Surgery is required if the fracture is displaced, unstable, involves the weight‑bearing surf