Angioplasty involves inflating a small balloon inside a narrowed coronary artery to improve blood flow. Stenting is placement of a mesh tube (stent) to keep the artery open after angioplasty. Complex angioplasty refers to procedures in difficult situations: left main coronary artery disease, chronic total occlusions (CTO), bifurcation lesions, or severely calcified arteries requiring techniques like rotablation (rotational atherectomy) to remove plaque.

TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) is a minimally invasive procedure to replace a diseased aortic valve without open‑heart surgery. It is typically for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high or intermediate risk for conventional surgical valve replacement. The valve is delivered via a catheter (usually through the leg artery).