CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting), commonly known as bypass surgery, is traditionally performed through a midline sternotomy (opening the breastbone) to reroute blood around blocked coronary arteries. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery uses smaller incisions (e.g., thoracotomy or robotic ports) without fully opening the chest, resulting in less pain, faster recovery, and reduced scarring. However, not all patients are candidates for the minimally invasive approach – it depends on the number of grafts needed and the patient’s anatomy.

Aortic dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta (the body’s main artery), allowing blood to flow between the layers and potentially rupture. It is a life‑threatening emergency because it can block blood flow to vital organs, cause stroke, or lead to aortic rupture and massive internal bleeding. Sur